Family Background of Edgar Sia Essay

1. * Electronic Controller uses electrical signals and digital algorithms to perform its receptive, comparative and corrective functions. is best suited for applications where large load changes are encountered and/or fast response changes are required. Trerice Electronic Controllers have full auto tuning and PID capabilities, and offer a host of available options, including user selectable inputs and ranges, outputs, setback functions, and alarms. An economical â€Å"on/off† only style is also available for simple control applications. * Electromechanical controller is a type of traffic signal controller. Despite the fact that computerized traffic signal controllers have dominated the world of traffic signal control, electromechanical traffic signal controllers are still in existence. Electromechanical controllers have been in existence for over 60 years, and they are interesting in many ways, such as how they operate, for example. An electromechanical controller is solely operated by electrical relays. Electrical relays are what provide electrical currents to the important parts that are responsible for controlling the indications of a traffic signal that the electromechanical traffic signal controller is wired to * ELECTRICAL CONTROLLER For actuating a number of electrical devices in accordance with control inputs received from a number of control input sources includes a number of optical isolators having inputs coupled to the control input sources. The optical isolators function to electrically isolate each of the control input sources from each other and to provide individual control voltages corresponding to the control inputs received from the control input sources. The outputs of the optical isolators are coupled through a user-actuable matrix switch to the coils of a number of relays which, in turn, control the electrical devices. Through various settings of the matrix switch, various ones of the electrical devices can be actuated in response to control inputs received from particular ones of the control input sources. Electrical isolation is maintained among the control input sources to avoid the development of undesirable feedbacks to the non-actuated control input sources. * Mechanical Controllers combine sensors, logic, and actuators to maintain the performance of components of a machine. Perhaps the best known is the flyball governor for a steam engine. Examples of these devices range from a thermostat that as temperature rises opens a valve to cooling water to speed controllers such the cruise control system in an automobile. The programmable logic controller replaced relays and specialized control mechanisms with a programmable computer. Servomotors that accurately position a shaft in response to an electrical command are the actuators that make robotic systems possible. 2.) * Motor control * PWM controller * DC-DC controller * Switched mode power supply a) SWITCH is an electrical component that can break anelectrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.[1][2] The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanicaldevice with one or more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to external circuits. Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either â€Å"closed† meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or â€Å"open†, meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is nonconducting. The mechanism actuating the transition between these two states (open or closed) can be either a â€Å"toggle† (flip switch for continuous â€Å"on† or â€Å"off†) or â€Å"momentary† (push-for â€Å"on† or push-for â€Å"off†) type. A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such as a computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a light switch. Automatically operated switches can be used to control the motions of machines, for example, to indicate that a garage door has reached its full open position or that a machine tool is in a position to accept another workpiece. Switches may be operated by process variables such as pressure, temperature, flow, current, voltage, and force, acting assensors in a process and used to automatically control a system. For example, a thermostat is a temperature-operated switch used to control a heating process. A switch that is operated by another electrical circuit is called a relay. Large switches may be remotely operated by a motor drive mechanism. Some switches are used to isolate electric power from a system, providing a visible point of isolation that can be padlocked if necessary to prevent accidental operation of a machine during maintenance, or to prevent electric shock. An ideal switch would have no voltage drop when closed, and would have no limits on voltage or current rating. It would have zero rise time and fall time during state changes, and would change state without â€Å"bouncing† between on and off positions. Practical switches fall short of this ideal; they have resistance, limits on the current and voltage they can handle, finite switching time, etc. The ideal switch is often used in circuit analysis as it greatly simplifies the system of equations to be solved, however this can lead to a less accurate solution. Theoretical treatment of the effects of non-ideal properties is required in the design of large networks of switches, as for example used in telephone exchanges. b) RELAY is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations. A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to pro tect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called â€Å"protective relays†. c) COIL is formed when a conductor (usually an insulated solid copper wire) is wound around a core or form to create an inductor or electromagnet. When electricity is passed through a coil, it generates heat. One loop of wire is usually referred to as aturn, and a coil consists of one or more turns. For use in an electronic circuit, electrical connectionterminals called taps are often connected to a coil. Coils are often coated with varnish or wrapped with insulating tape to provide additional insulation and secure them in place. A completed coil assembly with taps is often called a winding. A transformer is an electromagnetic device that has aprimary winding and a secondary winding that transfers energy from one electrical circuit to another by inductive coupling without moving parts. The term tickler coil usually refers to a feedback coil, which is often the third coil placed in relation to a primary coil and secondary coil. A coil tap is a wiring feature found on some electrical transformers, inductors and coil pickups, all of which are sets of wire coils. The coil tap(s) are points in a wire coil where a conductive patch has been exposed (usually on a loop of wire that extends out of the main coil body). As self induction is larger for larger coil diameter the current in a thick wire tries to flow on the inside. The ideal use of copper is achieved by foils. Sometimes this means that a spiral is a better alternative. Multilayer coils have the problem of interlayer capacitance, so when multiple layers are needed the shape needs to be radically changed to a short coil with many layers so that the voltage between consecutive layers is smaller (making them more spiral like).

Divided Thesis Essay

This year for school I have some goals that I would like to accomplish. As I am coming along to be a senior I have high expectations for myself. My three main goals for myself are to be on high honor roll, to be on varsity volleyball with a better attitude, and lastly be the first in my family in three generations to graduate from high school. Being on high honor roll for me would be really great because I have been on honor roll all my life but I have only been on high honor roll two or three times.With me only going to four classes it should not be to difficult to acquire a four point grade point average. I am capable of doing this but it is going to take work and in order for me to get some scholarships and financial aid for college I need those good grades. The second goal I would like to accomplish is playing varsity volleyball with a better attitude. I go to Jefferson High School and we do not have the best athletic programs so I get frustrated easily with how things are ran an d how my school deals with problems.Having a better attitude about playing on a team with girls that I love should be better than moping about loosing every game. After you loose three games you get down on yourself and it would make it a lot better for the team to stay positive. The last goal for my senior year is to graduate. If I graduate I will be the first one from my mom and dad to my great grandmother and grandfather to graduate high school.Yes I have had uncles graduate but I am the fourth generation and I need to graduate not only for my family but for me to go to college and further my education and better my life. Since I am the first to graduate in so many years I have a lot of responsibilities to under go during this year. These are goals that I should be able to accomplish and they are going to be done for me and my family to better my future and provide me with good options in life.

Boeing Company Analysis

Boeing Company Analysis The general external environment consists of six factors (see Exhibit 1) in assessing how a firm operates. These are the industry trends that cause Boeing to make strategic decisions that have an impact on their business. Some examples of the current external environmental factors affecting companies in the Aerospace and defense industry are discussed as follows. The economic factor consists of issues involving the current recession. During a recession the amount of leisure, optional and business travel decreases significantly. This affects the airlines and ultimately affects Boeing. It affects Boeing because if the airlines are not able to make a profit then they hold off or cancel plane orders. The Socio-cultural trend right now is geared towards being environmentally friendly. Many industries including the aerospace and defense industry is looking for ways to not emit gas or other pollutions to preserve the environment. In fact, Boeing has been working on their latest commercial plane the 787 dream liner. It is said to be â€Å"the most fuel efficient and world’s first commercial plane made with composite materials†. (Wikipedia 2010) The technological factor addresses concerns with being able to innovate using the best technology found through advanced research and development. Currently, Boeing is looking for technological changes to create a competitive edge for their newest project, the 787 dream liner, to outperform their leading competitor, Airbus. Legal and Political factors being discussed is Boeing not being able to sell to all countries and the possibility of some of the U.S. military programs being cancelled. â€Å"Boeing is looking to sell aircraft to Taiwan and china does not like the idea of this happening since they are the largest stakeholder to both the United States and Boeing (Cohan 2010)†. Recently U.S. defense secretary Robert Gates announced that â€Å"the U.S. is proposing to revise spending on military equipmentà ¢â‚¬  (Shalal-Esa 2010). The demographic trends coincide with the technology factor because buying patterns of travelers establish the need for these technological changes in the industry. Customers that spend money for the first class amenities or that rather purchase a plane ticket with an airline that offers more, are the reason why airlines request these changes from Boeing. Also, Boeing has very demanding customers. The airlines are the customers in Boeing’s industry and if they do not get what they ask for they look elsewhere to satisfy those needs. Firms need to ensure that they adjust to these trends before the change occurs. Failing to react in time and ignoring these factors could cause a firm to lose out to other firms that have already adjusted. Understanding and achieving success in the external environment will definitely make Boeing an idolized corporate leader among their customers and other competitors. The aerospace and defense industry is the major industr y Boeing is apart of. In this industry there are many changes in how it operates. The consumers who Boeing and the industry are trying to sell to are the large airlines who are still trying to recover from the 9/11 attacks and a slumping economy. You have to be able sell planes as cheap as possible without sacrificing quality and keeping costs low. The current industry dynamics are addressed in the general external factors above. All of these are a concern for the industry and some companies are adjusting to these changes and some are not. If a company does not make the necessary changes and ignore these new trends then they may find themselves not being able to attain profitable returns. Those firms who do make changes will have a competitive advantage and will be profitable, compared to their competitors.

Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Science - Essay Example Simon (2007) calls fossil energy a â€Å"wicked problem†, in the sense that it is characterized by a high level of information uncertainty, exists in a contestable policy environment where multiple actors compete with each other, and it is determinative of institutional relationships and complex choices. Many scientists have argued that the technology to develop alternative fuels have been in existence since the 1960s and 70s, when America sent the first man to the moon, but that a complex web of political and economic interests have stifled efforts to develop alternative energy sources. Today, it is generally agreed that at the rate the world consumes its oil reserves, eventually these would dry up like the once mighty oil fields of Texas, of which only a fraction are still in production. Rumours of aging oil fields and rising levels of water, as well as runaway prices in petroleum products, seem to indicate that Saudi reserves may be reaching exhaustion point (Anwar, 2010). The phrase â€Å"alternative energy† connotes more than just energy sources other than those traditionally resort to. It also implies that the sources of energy â€Å"are more efficient than conventional non-renewable forms† (Southampton City Council, 2009), and that they â€Å"do not use up natural resources or harm the environment† (WordNet, 2010). The attributes of sustainability and the absence of undesired consequences are implicitly included when one refers to alternative fuels or energy (Alternative Energy Institute [AEI], 2010). The very term itself appears to imply that these are only secondary, back-up, or stand-by sources, something resorted to in the meanwhile, much in the nature of emergency lights in office buildings when the power goes off. In a published account of a congressional hearing on fuels, one legislator was described as having said that the term â€Å"alternative fuels† implies that

Environment assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Environment assignment - Essay Example This is an involuntary risk. C). Exposure to ultraviolet radiations (UV). The UV radiations exposure during sun bathing after swimming can damage the eyes and the skin. This is a voluntary risk. 2) Environmental risks related to home and Neighborhood. a)Inhaling Carbon Monoxide that emanates from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel . These fuels are used for cooking or heating homes during cold seasons. Exposure to carbon monoxide at home may be considered as involuntary and poses the risk headaches, cognitive impairments and other neuro-psychiatrist problems. b) Risk posed by pesticides that are used for exterminating and preventing insect pests. The pesticide has a negative effect on the human reproductive and neurological systems. This is an involuntary risk. C) Exposure to volatile organic compounds used at home for cleaning appliances and for personal hygiene such as hair fresheners. These compounds cause nose eye and throat irritation and also affects the kidney and the nervou s system. It is an involuntary risk. 3. Environmental risks related to living (school and work). a) Noise and Vibration risks. The noise and vibration emanates from highway traffic when traveling from home to and from school. This noise cause headaches, stress and may also result in damaging of the eardrum and the subsequent impairment of hearing capability. b) Risk of sudden change of heat and humidity.

Batting Biofilms Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Batting Biofilms - Assignment Example If genes which are responsible for the formation of these adhering protein molecules are deleted the bacteria are unable to form biofilms. However, it is now proved that bacteria form biofilms after communicating with each other through signal molecules, for e.g. in P. aeruginosa the relevant signaling molecules are acylated homoserine lactones which each cell produces at a low level, when enough cells assemble the concentration of these compounds increases which in turn trigger the activation of certain genes, the mechanism is known as quorum sensing, which is critical for the formation of biofilms. Since biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa is responsible for causing cystic fibrosis pneumonia, i.e. they turn virulent (disease causing). algC gene is responsible to synthesize alginate, the gelatinous polymer that makes extracellular matrix. Thus, signaling molecules to control the genes that code for virulence. During stage 1 when the bacterial cells move or swim freely and arrange themselves in cluster in order to form a biofilm; Attack strategy is employed that coats the molecules and block or disrupt microbial arrangement or attachment. During stage 2- when the collected cells begin producing a gooey matrix; Attack strategy is employed which coat the surfaces with substances that interfere with the matrix production so that film is not formed. During stage 4- when chemical gradient arise and promote the coexistence of diverse species and metabolic states; Attack strategy is employed which delivers multiple antibiotics or disinfectants to undermine the varied survival strategies of biofilm cells. Microbiologists took a very long time to size up the microbes in the biofilm. Since the establishment of germ theory, in the late 19th century by Robert Koch, bacteria were envisioned as single cells that float or swim through some kind of watery

Advantages of open source software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Advantages of open source software - Essay Example Today open source software has become critical for almost every organization.Almost everything requires open source software,be it telecommunication systems,inventory, accounting,personal productivity applications,contact management and operating systems amongst others.As far as the democracy peace and economy is concerned open software provides access to better technology to even those who cannot afford them. Since, technology is crucial to the economy in terms of the cost it saves by increasing the end productivity; the better access to technology has increased the productivity and thus the GDP of the entire world. Even cheaper technology is the success of most of the developing countries. The growth of the developing countries has provided better returns for the companies across the globe in-turn because they now have been able to easily get some part of their business outsourced to these destinations and decrease costs. This has lead to employing further more people and improving the technology further helping people across the world.The source code should be available with the software and distribution in terms of the compiled form should also be available. There should be a well publicized form of distributing the software just like distributing on the internet when the product is not distributed with the source code.There should be permission by the license for the distribution of software which is made from modified source code. The license needs to have derived works for having a distinct name or version number. 5. No Discrimination against Persons or Groups The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. It should be accessible to whoever wants. 6. No Discrimination against Fields of Endeavor The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a profit generation entity, or from being used for genetic research. 7. Distribution of License The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties. 8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution. 9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software. 10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface. Following are the examples of open source software2: Linux (http://www.linux.org/): Originating from UNIX system and basically an operating system and kernel.

Columbia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Columbia - Essay Example can exacerbate civil wars.† The United States has experienced limited tactical success in fighting the drug menace, by dismantling drug cartels, pressuring the Colombian Government to attack these cartels and fumigating the coco crops. But this has not diffused the problem because drug production continues despite the crackdown measures of the U.S. Government, with drug production shifting inland into territory controlled by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and aiding in the insurrection of this Party against the Colombian Government. How then can the proliferation in coca production and thereby increase in drug traffic be curtailed? Studies appear to suggest that it is the economic benefits that are to be gained by coca production which is the causal factor that increases production, therefore one of the ways to tackle this problem appears to be by providing better economic incentives. Another reason for the explosion in drug trafficking is the civil war in Colombia which enables the coca and poppy growers to escape the crackdown by the Government and law enforcement authorities. Lastly, the most important reason why the drug trade is flourishing has to do with the strong demand that exist in the United States. This is the major reason why drug production thrives, therefore it appears that coca eradication and aid to end the civil war in Colombia may not be as effective in eliminating the drug problem as tackling the problem of the demand that exists in the United States, through a comprehensive drug eradication policy. Therefore, the best way to control excess production of illegal crops in Colombia is for the United States to clamp down on the growing demand within its own territories. 1. It appears that it is largely economic factors that are propelling the proliferation in growth of coca in Columbia and the concomitant violence that ahs been the result. In a recent, comprehensive study conducted by Holmes et al (2006), the relation between

International Relations - feminist movement Essay

International Relations - feminist movement - Essay Example Feminism and their movement for equal treatment and gender equality, in some ways, succeeded in their various objectives most especially in making their struggles known. In the past few decades, debates on the link between feminism and international relations have ensued as the feminists contend that international relations has failed to embrace gender neutrality in both its orthodox and mainstream theories. Thus, the last couple of decades were said to be the start of invasion of feminism on the core of international relations. Ann Tickner, one of the leading advocates of the feminist critique in international relations asserts that international politics is purely man's domain.1 She states that only men are given the privilege to get involved in warfare and adds that the masculine dominion not only encompasses international politics but also includes diplomacy and military service.2 In contrast, women had always been, according to Tickner, refused to be embraced in diplomacy or the military as she further observes that women in international politics are restricted to areas such as international political economy, North-South issues and distributive justice related issues. The study of gender neutrality under this field is significant as Sarah Brown suggests that the study of international relations involves the 'identification of and explanation of social stratification and of inequality' as configured in the global relations level.3 In the light of this controversy, this paper will attempt to answer the gravity of feminist assertions or if gender-neutral theories exist in the area of international relations and why the answer to this is significant to the discipline as a whole. One of the major feminist critiques of international relations (IR) claims that most of the theories put forward by IR do not support reality and has always been a dominion of the males. Sarah Brown observes that the assumption that women need to be included or considered in the disciplines - a liberal-feminist concern, only implies that women were not really there in the first place.4 International relations is mum about women. This only means that subject matter would not exclude women in the field if it were gender neutral. The absence of women in the theories of the discipline is said to be 'hegemonic'5 as international relations failed to put forth gender related theories in which women are 'brought into the discipline'.6 Hence, advocates of this view, proposed to embrace women in the discipline.7 In order to understand what these critiques put forward, it is also significant to comprehend the arguments that feminism in the field of IR is putting forth. It is said that the most prevailing assumption we can glean about the world of politics and international relations is that it is natural and neutral. This assertion refers to the roles of males and females with regards their gender. However, the notion of gender, its universal definition and implications must first be understood. Gender mainly refers to the identity of females and males as they are conceived in certain cultures. These identities imply socio-cultural traits assigned to women and men instead of the biologically defined distinction between the sexes. Sandra Whitworth states that gender does not imply the sex of either women or men but to the notion bestowed on their differences. Thus gender is a 'socially constructed'8 definition of the distinction

Scientific Research Skills - Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Scientific Research Skills - Project - Essay Example Social media has immensely influenced individuals and their behaviors. The recent researchers claim that the excessive social media is becoming a major issue and leading to addictive behaviors and negative impacts on cognitive development and mental health among adult and children. O’Keeffe and Pearson in their study analyze the impacts of social media on individuals. The main objective of the research is to determine the impacts of social media on mental health of individuals. The findings of the research show that the excessive use of social media is leading to unhealthy and addictive behaviors among individuals, such as sexing, alcohol, pornography etc. In addition, the findings show that excessive use of social media is casting negative impacts on the cognitive development and academic performance of individual (OKeeffe & Pearson, 2011). In the similar fashion, Kuss & Griffith (2011) in their study cliam that the use of excessive social networking (facebook) is leading to negative impact on the academic performance of individuals as well as leading to variety of activities that have potential addictive behavior (Kuss & Griffiths, 2011). Some of the researcher claims that the media content on the social websites is creating anxiety among individuals as social media portray a different aspect of the live. Fischer et al (2011) in the study determine quantity of media contents that is leading to risk-taking behaviors among individuals, such as extreme sports, violence and drinking. In order to conduct the study quantities research approach. Meta analysis was connected to determine the relationship between the media contents and its impact on individual behaviors. The findings of the study highlights that there is strong relation between media content and risk taking behaviors of individuals (Fischer, Greitemeyer, Kastenmà ¼ller, Vogrincic, & Sauer, 2011). Villanti et al (2011) in the study focuses on

Communicable Diseases Essay Example for Free

Communicable Diseases Essay Improvement in the health status of the population has been one of the major thrust areas for the social development programmes of the country. This was to be achieved through improving the access to and utilization of Health, Family Welfare and Nutrition Services with special focus on under served and under privileged segment of population. Main responsibility of infrastructure and manpower building rests with the State Government supplemented by funds from the Central Government and external assistance. Major disease control programmes and the Family Welfare Programmes are funded by the Centre (some with assistance from external agencies) and are implemented through the State infrastructure. The food supplementation programmes for mothers and children are funded by the State and implemented through the ICDS infrastructure funded by the Central Government. Safe drinking water and environmental sanitation are essential pre-requisites for health. Initially these two activities were funded by the Health Department, but subsequently Dept. of Urban and Rural Development and Dept. of Environment fund these activities both in the State and Centre. Health and health care development has not been a priority of the Indian state. This is reflected in two significant facts. One, the low level of investment and allocation of resources to the health sector over the years about one percent of GDP with clear declining trends over the last decade. And second the uncontrolled and very rapid development of an unregulated private health sector, especially in the last two decades.This does not mean that there was no health policy all these years. At the state government level there is no evidence of any policy initiatives in the health sector. The Central government through the Council of Health and Family Welfare and various Committee recommendations has shaped health policy and planning in India. It has directed this through the Five Year Plans through which it executes its decisions. The entire approach has been program based. The Centre designs national programs and the states have to just accept them. The Centre assures this through the fiscal control it has in distribution of resources. So, essentially what is a state subject the Centre takes major decisions. However it is important to note that this Central control is largely over preventive and promotive programs like the Disease Control programs, MCH and Family Planning, which together account for between half and two-thirds of state budgets. Curative care, that is hospital and dispensaries, has not been an area of Central influence and in this domain investments have come mostly from the state’s own resources. Structured health policy making and health planning in India is not a post-independence phenomena. In fact, the most comprehensive health policy and plan document ever prepared in India was on the eve of Independence in 1946. Especially the 80% population residing in rural areas. It is only an embarrassment for the Indian nation that more than half a century later there is no evidence of development of health care services to an expected level. The enclave pattern of development of the health sector continues even today – the poor, the villagers, women and other underprivileged sections of society, in other words the majority, still do not have access to affordable basic health care of any credible quality. This Research Paper includes analysis of existing Health Planning and the development of health status of the society in the past decade 2001 to 2011 . Census of India 2001 and Census of India 2011 used. Decline of Fertility rate,Maternal Mortality rate ,Infant Mortality rate and other developments are studied .At the same time Upgrowing Trend of fatality of some communicable diseases (Dengue,Malaria,Cholera) and Noncommunicable Diseases (Heart Diseases,Diabetic ) are also studied and analysed in this paper. Key Words : Health planning,development,IMR,MMR,TFR,Upgrowing CDs and NCDsDiseases. Health planning and policies : Good health is a basic requirement for quality of life. It is the foundation for social and economic development. The objective of the government is to ensure that health care services are rendered, keeping in view the core principles of accessibility, equity, quality and affordability. This will be accomplished through strengthening of the health care network throughout the state to deliver not only curative but also preventive and rehabilitative care. To achieve the above objectives, the budget allocation of the Health and Family Welfare Department has been fixed at Rs 5569.28 crores for the financial year 2012-13 as against the provision of Rs.3889 crores for the year 2010-11 registering an increase of more than 40%. Tamil Nadu fares well on the health indicators which form a part of the Human Development Index (HDI) as compared to other Indian states.Government policy interventions and funding have played an important role in the State’s better health outcomes. Tamil Nadu has implemented various programmes with special focus on maternal and child health which has resulted in the reduction of vital indicators such as the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Total Fertility Rate (TFR). However, the state willcontinue its efforts to improve its performance in the health sector by benchmarking itself against higher targets. The recently released â€Å"Vision 2023â€Å" envisages Tamil Nadu to become not only the numero uno State in India in terms of social indicators, but also reach the levels attained by developed countries in human development by ensuring universal access to health facilities† This Government will continue to give prominence to the health of women and children. Promotion of institutional deliveries by strengthening the Primary Health Centres and Health Sub-Centres with qualified and trained manpower, establishment of upgraded Primary Health Centres in each block with 30 beds, an operation theatre and various other facilities, provision of 24 hours delivery care services by positioning 3 staff nurses in each Primary Health Centre, provision of emergency obstetric care in the CEmONC Centres established in the district and select taluk hospitals, ensuring availability of an Emergency Response System through 108 ambulances with inter facility transfer, provision of safe blood at the upgraded Primary Health Centres, provision of neo-natal ambulances for the transportation of neo-natal emergencies, establishment of Neo-natal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) with trained Doctors and Staff Nurses in each district are all schemes which would no doubt help to achieve go od progress in the further reduction of MMR and IMR, in the coming years. The benefit under the Dr.Muthulakshmi Reddy Maternity Benefit Assistance Scheme has been enhanced to Rs.12,000, which is the highest in the country. This has come as a boon to the poor beneficiaries who deliver in government health facilities. The three phase payment has also strengthened antenatal, postnatal care and improved child immunization. The scheme would have a major impact on further improving the maternal and child health indicators in the State. An allocation of Rs.720 crores has been provided for this scheme in 2012-2013. This Government has announced a path breaking new scheme for free distribution of sanitary napkins to rural adolescent girls. This scheme which has been launched by the Hon’ble Chief Minister on 27th March 2012, will benefit over 41 lakh adolescent girls in the 10-19 age group in rural areas covering all the districts of the state. Sanitary napkins will be distributed through schools and Anganwadis. This initiative will go a long way to improve personal hygiene, prevent future complications such as infertility and promote the health of the future mothers. An amount of Rs.55 crores has been provided for this scheme in this financial year. State-wide programmes have been launched for the management of iron deficiency anaemia and gestational diabetes. The State has been the first to introduce the use of injection iron sucrose in the public sector for reducing severe anaemia in pregnant women following a protocol developed by senior obstetricians and specialists. Addressing these major underlying causes will no doubt help to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality further. The Chief Minister’s Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme has been launched on 11th January 2012 to provide insurance coverage for life threatening ailments to the poor people of Tamil Nadu. This scheme has enhanced the sum assured to rupees one lakh per year and Rs.4 lakhs for a period of four years and h as also extended the coverage to more diseases and included diagnostic procedures. Special provisions have also been incorporated to strengthen the role of Government hospitals in implementing the scheme. So far, 26,172 beneficiaries have undergone treatments costing Rs.70.53 crores. A sum of Rs.750 crores has been provided for the implementation of this scheme in 2012-2013. As new initiatives, during 2012-2013, the infrastructure for operation theatres in district and medical college hospitals will be improved at a cost of Rs.20 crores. Post-mortem facilities will be improved at a cost of Rs.10 crores. To improve the services available to the public, diagnostic equipment will be provided at a cost of Rs.10 crores and MRI facilities will be provided in 5 Medical Colleges through Public Private Partnership. The Burns centre in Kilpauk Medical College Hospital will be upgraded as a Centre of Excellence at a cost of Rs.5 crores. The incidence of cancer as a disease hasgradually been increasing and it has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the State. A State Cancer Registry to collect details of all the cancer cases in the State will be put in place fromthis year. Further, most forms of cancer are treatable if detected early. Seventy percent of various types of patients seek treatment in an advanced stage. There is only one exclusive cancer hospital in the Government sector i.e. Arignar Anna Cancer Hospital at Karapettai, Kancheepuram is providing treatment to the patients. Considering the increasing need for specialized cancer care, Government has decided to establish Regional Cancer Centres at the Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai and Coimbatore Medical College Hospital at a cost of Rs.15 crores per centre. These cancer centres will address the needs of the cancer patients in the Southern and Western region of the State. A new programme to screen the high risk population for oral cancer and to diagnose it at an early stage will also be launched. The King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Guindy, Chennai, is one of the premier institutions of this country. It is also a teaching and research centre. The Virology department of this Institute is recognized by Government of India and the World Health Organisation as the National Polio Laboratory. This institute was manufacturing vaccines and serum which was stopped some years back. It is now proposed to revive the vaccine production and create a Tissue bank in the KingInstitute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Guindy, Chennai, at a cost of Rs.5 crores. Special focus will be provided on non communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cancer of breast and cervix which are emerging as major causes of morbidity and mortality. A two pronged strategy wil be adopted to tackle these diseases. While awareness creation for prevention through life style changes will be taken up at various levels, infrastructure facilities for early detection and treatment will be created. After the success of the pilot schemes in two districts, this activity has been scaled up to the entire State in phases. During phase -I, the programme has been taken up for implementation in 16 districts and during phase-II, the programme will be implemented in the remaining 16 Districts during the later part of the year. Rs.158 crores has been earmarked to the Health Systems Project for implementing the programmes during this year. Considering the growing urbanization of the State it is necessary to address urban health challenges, especially in small urban towns. 60 urban primary health centres already sanctioned under NRHM and the newly sanctioned 75 urban primary health centres have been brought under the control of Director of Public Health and Preventive Medicine. Strengthening of these centres with appointment of Medical Officers, Staff Nurses, ANMs, Pharmacists etc., is now taking place. The Medical Services Recruitment Board, which is the first of its kind in India, has been formed exclusively for the Health and Family Welfare Department to recruit candidates to fill up medical and para medic al vacancies in the Government Hospitals and Primary Health Centres. The Board is taking action to recruit candidates for ten major categories of posts which will no doubt improve the functioning of the government health institutions.The objective of Vision 2023 is to build a healthy society that will be able to take part in and share the fruits of economic development. The various schemes launched by this Government during the last year and the new schemes proposed now for this year would build a beginning to achieve the objectives of the Vision 2023. This includes Rs.5413.75 crores on the Revenue Account and Rs.154.62 crores on the Capital Account. The provision on the Revenue Account works out to 5.51% of the total Revenue Expenditure of Rs.98213.85 crores in the Tamil Nadu State Budget for the year 2012 -2013. Note: Apart from the above provision, funds towards Civil Works being undertaken by Public Works Department have been provided to the tune of Rs.323.68 crores under Demand No.39. The Directorate-wise provision for 2012-2013 made under Demand No.19 Health and Family Welfare Department is as follows: (Rupees in lakhs) Decadal Population growth rate as shown below : Current Status of Communicable Diseases in India India is undergoing an epidemiologic, demo-graphic and health transition. The expectancy of life has increased, with consequent rise in degenerative diseases of aging and life-styles. Nevertheless, communicable diseases are still dominant and constitute major public health issues. New viral and bacterial infections have been identified. Monitoring of anti-microbial resistance to commonly used drugs is being extended to include more organisms. Disease surveillance at the molecular level has been expanded and strengthened. Studies to assess disease burden not only in terms of morbidity and mortality but also economic are high on the Council’s agenda. Feasibility of effective strategies under field conditions for control of infectious diseases is being demonstrated. Research support to eradicate target diseases has been intensified. Development and evaluation of diagnostic tools, drugs and vaccines is being undertaken. Programme relevant research to strengthen the national health programmes and human resource development are an integral part of the efforts of the Council towards control of communicable diseases. It is evident that inspite of the declining mortality and changing morbidity pattern, India still has the â€Å"unfinished agenda† of combating the traditional infectious diseases that continue to contribute to a heavy disease burden and take a sizeable toll. Along with these, the country has to deal with the â€Å"emerging agenda† which includes chronic and newer diseases induced by the changing age structure, changing lifestyles and environmental pollution. We need to prepare ourselves to face the challenges of widening disparities between sections of the population in terms of access to good health. Till date, the diseases we have been able to eradicate in India are smallpox (in 1977) and guinea worm (in 2001) though we have many more in the agenda (polio, leprosy, yaws). Diseases like yaws and plague have been under control. During 1997, as many as 8515 cases of yaws were reported and treated. While during 2001, only 168 cases have been reported and treated4 i.e. 50 times reduction in four years time. Epidemics of cholera are not that frequent as in old days. Reported cases of cholera were 176,307 with 86,997 deaths in 1950.1 However, now total number of cases in a year is about 5,000 and mortality is also low. Dengue was predominantly an urban problem but now cases and outbreaks have been reported from rural areas also. There has been a decline in dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence after 1996 outbreak in Delhi. However during 2001, outbreaks have been reported from Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Gujurat.4 Malaria is still a public health problem till today. The programme for eradication of malaria has been in place for the past 50 years under different names in our country. At the peak level of the success of programme in 1964, malaria was contained to less than 100,000 cases and no deaths. However, the situation slipped out of control and by 1976 we had 6,467,215 cases of malaria with 99 deaths.4 The total number of leprosy cases has dropped substantially from 2.91 million in 1981 to 0.44 million cases reported in March 2002. The prevalence rate has reduced from 57 per 10,000 in 1981 to 4.2 cases per 10,000 population in 2002. However, it is still much higher than the target, which is 1 case per 10,000 populations, of National Leprosy Elimination Programme. With these limited progresses, we have failed on many counts. Some diseases, which were once thought to have been conquered, have re-emerged in the recent years. Plague, which was a public health problem in the 1940s, speedily declined as a result of large scale application of dichlorodiphenyl- trichloroethane (DDT) in the year 1946.There was no laboratory confirmed plague in India during 1966 to 1993. However, during 1994, an outbreak of pneumonicplague was reported from Surat, Gujarat. Recently, in February 2002, an outbreak of plague was reported from Shimla, Tuberculosis : Tuberculosis accounts for a loss of approximately 11 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs). The burden of disease may increase further with the emergence of the HIV epidemic. The Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) which covers more than 120 million population has successfully treated approximately 80% of patients in 48 districts of 16 states and Union Territories. Treatment success rates have more than doubled and death rates have decreased by 75 per cent. The ICMR’s Tuberculosis Research Centre (TRC) at Chennai is providing research support to the RNTCP through the conduct of basic, applied and operational research to develop better tools and training strategies for tuberculosis control. Diarrhoeal Diseases The National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Calcutta and RMRC, Bhuban-eswar continued to pursue their research goals on different facets of diarrhoeal diseases. The NICED, Calcutta has earned an important affiliation with the Japanese International Collaborating Programme. Its active surveillance programme continues to monitor the newly emerging diarrhoeal pathogens Entamoeba histolytica,Rotavirus,Vibrio cholera and V.parahaemolyticus and addresses unknown frontiers in clinical diagnosis and disease management.A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted by NICED,. These results suggest that zinc supplementation as an adjunct therapy to ORS has beneficial effects on the clinical course of dehydrating acute diarrhoea. Malaria The emergence of chloroquin resistance in P.falciparum and vector resistance to commonly used insecticides are the main obstacles in the control of malaria in the country. New technologies are being introduced for malaria control under Enhanced Malaria Control Programme. The roll back malaria programme has been launched simultaneously in all malaria endemic countries. These have thrown new challenges in malaria research. The Council’s institutes viz. Malaria Research Centre (MRC), Vector Control Research Centre (VCRC) and other institutes are making efforts to address these problems through focused research in vector and parasite biology and ecology, development of malaria control tools, drug development, testing and validation of new technologies. Disease Control Programmes – Non Communicable Diseases National Programme of Prevention Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases Stroke Programme (NPCDCS) . A new National Programme of Prevention Control of Cancer, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases Stroke (NPCDCS) was approved in July, 2010. This programme will cover 100 districts selected on the basis of their backwardness, inaccessibility and poor health indicators, spread over 21 States, during 2010-11 and 2011-12. The focus of the programme is on promotion of healthy life styles, early diagnosis and management of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and common cancers e.g. cervix cancer, breast cancer, and oral cancer and will cover about 200 million persons in all the districts. Conclusion: Our findings clearly establish the significant influence of the various Health planning studied on the health status of the society. They also show that this influence was more pronounced in the case of some health indicators maternal mortality rate,population growth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate than some communicable diseases survilance. The findings suggest that appropriate strategies and programmes need to be worked out to prevent CDs and control NCDs. especially to avoid upgrowing trend of some diseases like acute respiratory infection ,acute diarrhoeal disease,pulmonary tuberlosis , malaria,enteric fever , Pneumonia ect.. These would include awareness creation regarding sanitation more knowledge about the diseases and treatment and prevention through mass media and interpersonal channels. Healthy environment, especially safe drinking water supply, sanitary disposal of excreta and other wastes, and pollution-free housing and work places. Adequate nutrition, which in tu rn depends on production and availability, accessibility, affordability and intrafamilial distribution of food. Control over communicable disease. Lifestyle changes that influence the occurrence of non communicable diseases.The services of Government as well as non-governmental organizations could be sought for more effective implementation of such strategies and programmes. The management of the Health and family welfare programme at the grossroots level,which is likely to vary with the managerial skills of the programme manager, and its impact on the realization of the objectives of the health planning and programme . As management quality has been recognized as a critical factor in determining the success of Health planning implementation, staff recruitment and effective functioning of the PHC and sub-centres could be increased and thus the health plan could be more successful. 1.Associate Professor in Economics , Sri Parasakthi women College, Courtalam. 2. Research Scholar in Health economics , M.S.University, Tirunelveli. REFERENCES 1. Deodhar NS. Health situation in India: 2001.Voluntary Health Association of India. New Delhi. 2. Last JM. A dictionary of epidemiology. Third edition, Oxford University Press.1995. 3. GOI. National Health Policy 2002. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (GOI), New Delhi. 4. GOI. Annual Report 2001-2002. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (GOI), New Delhi. 5. World Health Organization 2002. Weekly Epidemiological Report. No 9:1st March 2002. 6. GOI. Combating HIV/AIDS in India 2000-2001. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, National AIDS Control Organization. Government of India (GOI), New Delhi. 7. World Health Organization. NCD in South-East Asia region A profile WHO New Delhi 2002. 8. National Institute of Health and Family Welfare. National Health Programmes on Non Communicable Diseases, New Delhi. 2003. 9.http://www.who.int/. [Last assessed on 2012 July 31] 10. World Health Organization. Global Status Report on non-communicable diseases 2010. 11. Beaglehole et al. Priority actions for the non-communicable disease crises. THE LANCET 2011; 377:9775; 1438-1447. 12. World Health Organization. Non-communicable Diseases Country Profile 2011. 13. World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory, 2011. 14. World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia. Non-communicable Diseases in the South-East Asia Region: Situation and response 2011 15. Beaglehole R. Globalization and the Prevention and control of non-communicable disease: the neglected chronic diseases of adults. THE LANCET 2003; 362:9387; 903-908. 16. Nongkynrih B, Ratro B K, Pandav C S. Current Status of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases in India. Journal of The Association of Physicians of India 2004; 52; 118-123. 17. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2011). Rural Health Statistics in India. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 18. World Health Organization (WHO). World Health Statistics, 2012 19. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) 20. Ministry of Health Family Welfare. NCD Section. [Last assessed on 2012 July 31] 21. Ministry of Health Family Welfare, Government of India.Journal of National Cancer Control Programme2012. 22. Ministry of Health Family Welfare, Government of India. National Tobacoo Cont rol Programme. 23. Directorate General of health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Operational guidelines for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Daibetes, CVD and Stroke (NPCDCS). 24. Ministry of Health Family Welfare, Government of India. Indian Public Health Standards. http://www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM/iphs.htm. [Last assessed on 2012 July 31] 25. The World Bank, South Asia Human Development, Health Nutrition and Population. NCDs Policy Brief: India, 2011 26.Srivastava R K, Bachani D. Burden of NCDs, Policies and Programmes for Prevention and Control of NCDs in India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2011; 36: S7-12 27.Health and family welfare department Demand No .19 Policy note 2012-2013 Dr.Vijay Minister for Health

Chilean Mine Collapse Essay Example for Free

Chilean Mine Collapse Essay On August 5, 2011, the San Jose Mine, a small copper operation in northern Chile owned by Minera San Esteban Primera suffered a cave-in (Weik, 2010, p.65). Thirty-three workers were trapped 2,200-feet underground although facts, footage, and speculations of the disaster unraveled on the surface, which was covered by news stations around the world. As most of the world watched through the eyes and words of reporters, hoping for the miner’s safe rescue and return, many had doubts. â€Å"While few Chileans dared say it out loud, most of the country felt the miners were probably dead. But Fidel Bà ¡ez believed in his heart they were alive† (Yang, 2010, p.1). As the first few days turned into weeks, family members and loved ones of the 33 trapped miners held vigils outside of the mine entrance, at a make shift camp, which they named â€Å"Camp Hope† (Yang, 2010, p.1). Families, along with the rest of the world watched and waited for information on the proposed rescue plan. During those darkest days of not knowing, the families must have found comfort with each other. As other families of trapped miners were the only people who could understand what each individual was feeling and the uncertainty that no one wanted to concede. As the rescue efforts continued what information and details were given the families who lived at Camp Hope. This saga closely followed would show classic patterns of human behavior under extreme pressure with an exact ending of this drama, especially the timing, remaining uncertain. Going forward, the story is not about life and death. It is about endurance, resilience, and the power of hope. For 17 days loved ones of those trapped should have received counseling to pray for the best, but be prepared for the worse. Any information obtained by the experts should have been shared with all families of the trapped miners. Grief counseling would have been a necessity. Once that drill hit an opening, indicated by the air pressure disappearing, the families would need to bond together to endure whatever future lied ahead. As fate would have the families along with the rest of the world would soon receive a note from below stating â€Å"we are fine in the refuge, all 33 of us† (Yang, 2010, p.1). During the following weeks that soon became months, families and loved ones needed to continue working with a support system among themselves and also with an expert who had been trained in disaster situations or crisis intervention. While prayers from around the world are sent from people these families will never meet, a potential concern, probably in the back of their minds, but definitely present would have been a financial one. Needs of the families were not just limited to emotional matters but also to financial concerns. Families in this type of position need to focus on their faith and health and not if the bills will be paid. The miner’s families need time to cope and deal with whatever loss may lie ahead, while the miner’s employer should make sure that those financial concerns are addressed and handled. As a community, workers of this mining company would also have experienced the same concerns and emotional issues plagued by many of the families. Coworkers, who remained safe while their friends were buried alive, would need counseling and information to sustain them through the next couple of weeks. The thoughts of â€Å"it should have been me† had to have been evident and in abundance among the men whose only position was to wait to see and what fate would hold for their friends. As addressed to the families of those trapped, all employees would face financial concerns as long as the mining company ceased all operations while rescue efforts where underway to free the 33 miner’s trapped 2,200-feet below the earth’s surface. As all able personnel, including hundreds of people who did everything possible to free their trapped coworkers and friends, the mining company would need to make sure that the financial needs of all employees were met. It was a complete team effort from the company owner to last person on the payroll that helped to free the 33 miners who remained trapped under the earth’s surface for 69 days. Shaun Robstad a volunteer from Okotoks, Alta., just outside of Calgary, said it best â€Å"It comes up everyday; I wonder what it’s like down there†¦I don’t think they went to work that day thinking they wouldn’t be getting out† (Yang, 2010, p.1).

The Forbidden City and Buckingham Palaces Architecture

The Forbidden City and Buckingham Palaces Architecture What makes a building outstanding and became a typical logo of the city, and even the country? It’s not easy for a architecture to attract the travel enthusiasts and the travelers all over the world. Many of the buildings and structures featured are famous for their beauty. Others have become famous for their ingenuity or their historical significance. There are many similarities and differences between Eastern and Western architectural. Their building style, history, materials, function and even significance and influence are form more and less difference. Take Chinese Forbidden city and the Buckingham Palace for example, they both represent the representative building of their country and impact occurred on modern architects design. As for architectural style, the Forbidden city and Buckingham Palace reflected the Eastern and Western’s cultural differences. Infected by their culture, the architectural style of Chinese traditional style with special emphasis on linear beauty, pay attention to the flow lines of melody. The Forbidden city’s beams, columns, roof can express line artistic appeal, as in the rest of the top of the mountain building eaves intentionally made slightly to the sides form a high rise, but made clear the warped corner section, rather steep roof upper and lower more gentle, so both for rainwater drainage, but also conducive to the sunshine and ventilation. Pursuit of mood and thought heavy ethics embodied in the Chinese ancient buildings very apparent when architectural style, tend to their social content and symbolism prominent position on the influential, while also focusing on practicality. It’s obviously that the structure contacts the special Chinese culture and is pr actical. In the same context, the Buckingham Palace styling emphasizes form United States , originated in classical Greek aesthetics that the United States in the form of objects. Both Forbidden city and Buckingham Palace has long history. In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury. Owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey. In 1531, Henry VIII acquired the Hospital of St James from Eton College, and in 1536 he took the Manor of Ebury from Westminster Abbey. These transfers brought the site of Buckingham Palace back into royal hands for the first time since William the Conqueror had given it away almost 500 years earlier. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies. Likewise, the Forbidden city got through a long period too. Beijing Forbidden City began construction of Emperor Yongle in AD 1406, was rejected Yuan air tra nsport, basically not built on the basis of most of the Yuan Dynasty palace, rather eastward 150 m, re-created from the palace, the palace walls of the palace, including all were re-built, larger than most of the palace, slightly less than the Forbidden City in Nanjing, a former designer for artisan craftsmen Queen Kuai Xiang, inaugurated in 1420 AD, built from 1420 to about 500 in 1911 between the Qing emperor to abdicate, Ming, A total of 24 Emperor Qing dynasties lived in the Forbidden City. The distinction on the building materials is also a different factor of the building style. In ancient times, Chinese architects used wood as the main building materials while Western architects used masonries as their main materials. The most materials of the Forbidden city are wood, but because of Forbidden City choice 15 kinds of precious and timber corrosion, it still protect completely and won’t cause trouble. On the other hand, Buckingham Palace’s facade decoration materials are the Bath limestone. These two kind of material selection make the building have different appearance. Many visitors surprised at these completely different architectural style building from their own country, the choice of the wood and stone greatly depend the difference of Eastern and Western architecture. With the time fly, the choice of materials change a lot and until now, Eastern country and Western country not only retained their selection featured on colleagues, but also learn from each other’s specialist, the designer using different building materials to create a more creative and distinctive architectural. The Forbidden City and Buckingham Palace’s function change but they are still be used now. Buckingham Palace has served as the official London residence of Britains sovereigns since 1837 and today is the administrative headquarters of the Monarch. Although in use for the many official events and receptions held by The Queen, the State Rooms at Buckingham Palace are open to visitors every year. The Palace is very much a working building and the centrepiece of Britains constitutional monarchy. It houses the offices of those who support the day-to-day activities and duties of The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh and their immediate family. The Palace is also the venue for great Royal ceremonies, State Visits and Investitures, all of which are organised by the Royal Household. Although Buckingham Palace is furnished and decorated with priceless works of art that form part of the Royal Collection, one of the major art collections in the world today. It is not an art gallery and nor is it a museum. More than 50,000 people visit the Palace each year as guests to banquets, lunches, dinners, receptions and the Royal Garden Parties. On contrast, the Forbidden city has apply for World Heritage and it is open for tourists. Forbidden City, two thousand years of development in China and East Asia pinnacle of classical architecture, has been affecting the subsequent development of Chinese architecture, as well as providing inspiration for many works of art. The significance and influence of the Forbidden city and Buckingham Palace is Considerable. Their architecture is a model for modern structure designer. Walking in the Forbidden City, the artistic effect of the kind of space sequence level by building depth treatment group obtained. Like a Chinese scroll appreciate it, to start with the picture of piecewise, people always with a sense of anticipation, looking forward to the culmination and crowning touch screen show, thus enhancing the appeal of the work of art. It is for this reason, the building generated after leaving their old age, still can connotation artistic charm. To open a new era of peoples minds casement, giving the joy of beauty. Ancient buildings across time and space is like a bridge connecting the deceased and present, giving the thick atmosphere and beauty. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/0f86042d0066f5335a812165.html

Developing and Overcoming Antisocial Personality Disorder Essay

Developing and Overcoming Antisocial Personality Disorder Personality disorders are among the most difficult disorders to be diagnosed and treated in psychology. The highly ingrained behaviors of the disorders, the difficulty in differentiating between normalcy and illness, and the patients lack of understanding and excepting their symptoms as abnormal, are all contributing obstacles of the disorder. Personality is shaped by experiences during childhood and adolescence as well as genetics. Therefore, children that develop mental disorders are more likely to develop personality disorders as adults. Conduct disorder in children has been highly linked to the development of antisocial personality disorder in adults. The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) suggests, but does not require, a history of conduct disorder when making an antisocial personality diagnosis (1). Not only is there a high correlation between people having the disorders, but conduct disorder seems to be a preliminary childhood manifestation of the same underlying malfunctions that are characteristic of the adult disorder, antisocial personality disorder. When looking at the development and causes of antisocial personality disorder it is important to note the symptoms, characteristics, and circumstance of conduct disorder as well. Conduct disorder, a childhood behavior disorder described by the DSM, is characterized by chronic misbehavior. The children and adolescence often participate in serious physical fighting, alcohol and drug abuse, violation of parental and school rules, vandalizing and setting fires, and many other antisocial behaviors. These children, unless adequately treated, have a 50% rate of becoming involved with drugs an... ...y disorder 5)"The Neurobiology of Stress and Emotions.", hormone contributors to antisocial personality http://www.aboutibs.org/Publications/stress.html 6)"CSF 5-HIAA and Family History of Antisocial Personality Disorder in Newborns", article concerning the connection between serotonin and antisocial disorders 7)"Family Functioning and Peer Affiliation in Children of Fathers With Antisocial Personality Disorder and Substance Dependence: Associations With Problem Behaviors.", environmental factors related to the development of antipersonality disorders http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/159/4/607 8)" Aggression and Transference in Severe Personality Disorders.", characteristics of antisocial personality disorder http://www.mhsource.com/pt/p950216.jhtml?_requestid=524313 9)Serendip Website, I-function http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/

Russel Ward, The Australian Legend - Book Review Essay -- essays resea

When writing the "big picture" histories, historians often overlook or exaggerate certain aspects of Australian history to make their point. Discuss with reference to one the recommended texts. The book "The Australian Legend", written by Russell Ward and published in 1958 speaks mainly of "Australian Identity". It looks at nationalism and what has formed our self-image. There are many aspects that are left overlooked however, as the Authour makes his assumptions. Significant parts of society are neglected consideration, these include those that weren't from the bush, non-British immigrants, the Aboriginal people and women. Also the use of romanticised and exaggerated evidence causes an imbalance in his conclusions. Ward's main reason for writing "The Australian Legend" was to portray the typical Australian's perception of himself. He admitted that the book was not intended to be a history of Australia, and it wasn't. What the narrative does do however, is trace and explore the source of what he referred to as the "national mystique". Ward bases his work on the opinion that the 'Australian spirit' is somehow intimately connected with the bush and that it derives rather from the common folk than from the more respectable sections of society. He treats this assumption methodically, using literary and historical evidence. The majority of the evidence, are extracts taken from the Sydney Bulletin, a paper edited by J.F Archibald. Writers included "the three greatest 'nationalist' writers of the 'nineties", as Ward called them. They were Banjo Paterson, Henry Lawson, and Joseph Furphy. Ward believed that their works were hard fact - a reflection of the emergence of a dist inctively Australian way of life in the outback. This evidence however is rather selective. It appears that Ward has only chosen to include the works that support his version of the 'Australian identity', intentionally leaving out works by the aforementioned writers that gave reference to anyone not fitting his description of 'typical', ie. women, foreigners, aboriginals and city-dwellers. The Australian bush legend, Ward believed, came to its climax in the 1880s. He mentions that it was during this time that the majority of the population were native-born, white males who enjoyed the works of writers such as Paterson and Lawson. It w... ... Although partially true in its time, the Australian bush legend fades more and more as time progresses. The Australian identity of the 1890s was not the same as it was in the 1950s, nor do we have the same self-image today, as portrayed in 'The Australian Legend'. Recent statistics show that we work longer hours and drink far less then we used to. Many more Australians go to the beach than to the bush and despite the iconic male bushman, for most men and women in Australia the beach is far more central to our identity and lives, as the majority of the population lives closer to our coastal shores. 'The Australian Legend', in itself is an acurate portrayal and recount of one part of society, from a specific era, ie. the Australian bushman of the 1890s. Its exaggerations, however, such as the romanticism of the bush ethos by Australian writers, the unbalanced use of evidence, and the neglect to acknowledge the contribution to our national identity from certain sections of society, ie. aboriginal people, city-dwellers, women, and non-British immigrants, render this book to be flawed. For these reasons, it cannot be regarded as a complete and balanced account of Australian history.

President Jackson and the Removal of the Cherokee Indians :: American History Essays

President Jackson and the Removal of the Cherokee Indians "The decision of the Jackson administration to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830's was more a reformulation of the national policy that had been in effect since the 1790's than a change in that policy." The dictum above is firm and can be easily proved by examining the administration of Jackson and comparison to the traditional course which was carried out for about 40 years. After 1825 the federal government attempted to remove all eastern Indians to the Great Plains area of the Far West. The Cherokee Indians of northwestern Georgia, to protect themselves from removal, made up a constitution which said that the Cherokee Indians were sovereign and not subject to the laws of Georgia. When the Cherokee sought help from the Congress that body only allotted lands in the West and urged them to move. The Supreme Court, however, in Worcester vs. Georgia, ruled that they constituted a "domestic dependent nation" not subject to the laws of Georgia. Jackson, who sympathized with the frontiersman, was so outraged that he refused to enforce the decision. Instead he persuaded the tribe to give up it's Georgia lands for a reservation west of the Mississippi. According to Document A, the map shows eloquently, the relationship between time and policies which effected the Indians. From the Colonial and Confederation treaties, a significant amount of land had been acquired from the Cherokee Indians. Successively, during Washington's, Monroe's, and Jefferson's administration, more and more Indian land was being commandeered. The administrations during the 1790's to the 1830's had gradually acquired more and more land from the Cherokee Indians. Jackson followed that precedent by the acquisition of more Cherokee lands. According to Document B, "the first of which is by raising an army, and [destroying the resisting] tribes entirely or 2ndly by forming treaties of peace with them", "under the existing circumstances of affairs, the United States have a clear right, consistently with the principles of justice and the laws of nature, to proceed to the destruction or expulsion of the savages." The use of the word savages, shows that the American had irreverence toward other ethnic backgrounds. Henry Knox wanted to destroy the cherokee tribes inorder to gain land for the United States, although he questions the morality of whether to acquire the cherokee land, his conclusion forbode's the appropriation. According to Document C, "That the Cherokee Nation may be led to a greater degree of civilization, and to

Challenges in HRM Essay

The main purpose of this article is to define the five major challenges in HRM. With the constant employee demands and constant negative consequences for employees, there has always been a need to satisfy them and provide them with benefits. HRM or human resource management is what looks into these types of issues and it focus on managing them efficiently and appropriately. The goal of this process addresses the most beneficial way to support employees while achieving results. Due to that reason, specific things need to be thought about thoroughly and plans must be made to asses those things. With this always comes challenges and in an article posted on Forbes, five of these challenges are put into perspective and they are explained with an enough detail to understand the reasons for focusing on theses specific issues. The key question that the author (s) is addressing is What it takes to be a good Leader and what are the top challenges for HRM to develop those leaders. Leadership skills are very important in today’s society and in every business. Being a leader is in itself a challenge. The most important information in this article is: Developing and retaining the best leaders is going to be one of the most important roles for Human Resources. The HR department has a clear role in this process and what it takes to determine the success of the organization. The main point(s) of view presented in this article are the challenges in HRM. The first two challenges are the investment in leadership development and to create a culture of collaboration. The reason for investing in leadership development is because it helps the best employees attain those necessary attributes to become a good leader. Some of these training includes something like a worthy education program through universities. Although this type of training might end up being expensive, the results of this investment are more beneficial than anything else. Helping the employees achieve their potential has a leader creates more leaders with improved skills and capabilities. Next challenge that is addressed is the need for a culture within the workplace that is based on collaboration. Individual improvement is not sufficient enough to have a successful group of employees. Building a need for collaboration will help  those leaders work with other employees in a more efficient man ner. Collaboration can help a group of workers to do things as a unit and preferably reap better results. These are just two of the challenges in human resource managing that should be focused on in a business that will eventually lead to a better functioning staff. Managing these matters in the best way for the company is necessary and a significant part of HRM. The next two challenges presented in HRM are developing communicating skills and accountability. Having leaders and employees with good communication skills is a must and training should be given to those who lack in the skill. Without proper communication a team bond is harder to form and trust will also be hard to achieve. Leaders that have good communicating skills are able to build this type of unity in a group of workers which may help improve productivity from everyone. It is also a good thing to make sure that the standard for this type of skill is high. Employees, especially leaders, should always be looking for constant ways to improve how they communicate with other co-workers. The key concept we need to understand in this article is that: Leadership constantly presents challenges both to the leader’s abilities and to a person. Things change, change brings challenge, and no matter how good a leader, they can’t stop that from happening. How leaders handles those challenges will define them as a leader and have a great deal to do with how effective they can be. Some challenges come in the form of people or problems that present obstacles to reaching a goal. Far more come from within the leader itself, or from the situation of simply being a leader. Every leader must face many of those challenges and learn to deal with them in some way. The main conclusion in the article is: Leaders and HRM personnel need to raise awareness of the challenges that they are facing and the responsibilities that they have to develop the future leaders. References 5 Great Challenges Ahead For HR And Leaders – Forbes. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/meghanbiro/2012/11/11/5-greatest-challenges-ahead

My Role Model Essay

Ein truth one has there own fictional character pattern, firmly my is a bit more special. My role model is my pop music bell. He is the surpass papa ever. All though my dad had life struggles as he came to Canada when he was 8 years old. He is very amazing and just the best. My dad has shown huge strength by keeping my unblemished family together in rough and hard times. My father does not have one hand but still flora as a taxi device driver and makes a living for my mother and I . My father has always invest others inevitably before he has put his. He always made sure everyone is dexterous and satisfied before he was. take up more Essay on parentsMy dad has always had a smile and picked me up even though I pick out he would be hurt he would still make sure I am fine. I would love to be just like my dad. Be as emotionally strong as he is and make sure everyone is fine at the same time. Keep everyone dexterous and put family before your self. No matter what bulwark my dad goes through he gets a strategy to get through it and I would love to learn that from my dad . alone like my dad says If you keep others smart around you , you will be happy your self automatic . I honor my dad , and my dad is my role model

Love In The Time of Cholera Analysis Paper Essay

In the novel, Love in the snip of cholera written by Gabriel Garca Mrquez, there argon many symbols to set out, literally, chi bay windowe in the time of cholera. These symbols are flowers, shuttles, and rain down. Mrquez uses these similar terms to describe the effectuate of kip down and cholera throughout the novel by using all of those symbols ultimately represend or foreshadow anguish and unfortunate disasters that Cholera cannister bring. Cholera was a contagious disease touch on most of the population in where the story takes place.Though, this phonograph record is heavily centered on the disease and venerate, the write is primarily focusing on literal enjoysickness. peerless generally does not associate sweet and uncontaminated mania with diarrhea, infections, or a painful death, which is why cholera is used to depict the sack outsickness in this novel.Cholera is a disease, handle falling in love (lovesickness), drives you gruesome, you suffer, and you cou ld die without ever being content with the keep youve had so far. An voice of lovesickness in the novel, is when Florentino is driven crazy by falling in love with Fermina. alternatively of being a bodily illness handle cholera, lovesickness is a mental disease.See more analytic writingFlorentino was so crazy in love with Fermina,the nevertheless way he could deal with this love was to eat flowers. Flowers represent the anguish of love and upgrade suffering.Though flowers represented hope and love for Florentino, it ultimately cartroad to disaster of suffering, just like how cholera all at once ends a life. It was as if Fermina was the flower petals, and Florentino assimilated the flower petals to consume all the affection and rejection he was receiving from Fermina. Until Fermina can be with him, the only thing that Florentino has of Fermina are those flower petals he is consuming. Florentino also suffers from physical pains of lovesickness.The flower petals he consumes m ake him so violently ill, that his mother popular opinion he had cholera, which is wry considering the parallel of the two. Florentino feels the anguish of love and the only for him to express that was to consume flower petals. This was essential for Florentino because he was suffering so much activated pain he almost felt dead, and physical pain was imperative for him to feel alive.Birds, like Cholera, trace to death. Mrquez uses the birds in the novel as an ironic message of love that soon leads to a portentous end. Birds were the reason why people died, just like Cholera will make people die. In the novel, Mrquez does not include a region that actually died from Cholera. However, he does include characters that die from love sickness at the hands of birds. Since lovesickness serves as a parallel to Cholera, we can assume that birds also represent Cholera, which is the fate of death.The most prominent example is when Dr.Urbino act to catch his beloved parrot and eventually brute(a) to his death. The parrot that Dr. Urbino spent countless hours of dedication and the bird that he had paid more attention than he did to his own children, that lead ironically to his death. Another example when Olimpia Zuleta gave Florentino a carrier pigeon as a thank-you for rescuing her and her parasol. Florentino sent back the carrier pigeon with an unsigned love note, and and so the romance between the two began.The Pigeon that lead to a romance between the two soon cease when the husband discovered her infidelity and Olimpia was killed. Both Dr.Urbino and Olimpia slip their lives to love, whether it be because of a bird or for a bird. I believe that the birds alsoAnd last further not least, rain (or any type of water) lastly represents a point in the book when a barrier has been overcome and there is a renew chance for love. Rain represents the drastic castrate in a book, just like how Cholera can bring about a drastic modify in ones life. The first waterspout of rain brings about two critical changes, which is when Dr. Urbino dies and the replication of Florentino in Ferminas life.The rain not only symbolized a tragic and sad death, which is what Cholera is, the rain symbolized a new renewed hope of love between Florentino and Fermina. The rain is possibly the only supreme symbol Mrquez uses in order to depict Cholera as a drastic change in the novel.Throughout Love in the Time of Cholera, Mrquez uses symbols such as cholera, flowers, birds and rain, to symbolize pregnant aspects of love and to describe Cholera. Though these symbol whitethorn seem little or no significance in the beginning, a reader can understandably see and understand the importance, effect, and deeper meaning of these symbols and how they tie together tofiguratively portray Cholera.-KC.

Construction of femininity Essay

The in truth titles of bents(prenominal) or s uncontaminating(prenominal) contri nonwith patronizeinges, Gertrude, The countersign and Ophelia Thinks Harder wish the resolveableness for the laying seduce aim that the interchange alkali is link up to a charr. Further to a spaciouser extent than, in the decrease of post young- twenty-four hoursism maven whitethorn conjecture to establish the revisionary perpetu e truly(prenominal)yy surfaceture on the cleaning skirts head. straight when Gertrude and Ophelia energise contract the archetypes, their develop workforcet in the post red-brickist plant behavior presents the gentle spells gentle musical compositionageableness to reap the principles of the in style(p) t remainderencies of the belles-lettres.The lessen across expresses the sophisti heaveed rea boyableness of juncture by throwing the gently upon the restricteds that were left over(p)- down(a) obscure by Shakespeargon. great dealvasjust handst the archetypes in the contemporary adaptations be last a break off discern handst of post trendrnistism. The films focalisation is the set knocked issue(p)ations of Shakespe atomic number 18an sm wholly t accomplish birth women in the novel(a) snaps. disdain a series of transgressive forms of language in twain literary pieces (in special(prenominal) in barkers), the plain-spoken take-off on the verify mulct, the focus on the problem and the automated teller of fair devolve onhood front closem proscribedhed to professional Shakespe be.The line or so muliebrity in two monkeys await much authoritative to the battleres of pilot absolved settlement that for caseful in the representations of nineteenth 1 speed of light when the cleaning ladyhood was a religious cult and the charhood of Ophelia was the perfect eccentric. Is it the constitution of Shakespe atomic number 18 to relieve 1self a play that get to getherms to bear ever the extremity to be unc to each one stupefy? Is it the land of poststructuralist philosophers that influenced the postmodern authors to re-under comport the women in Shakespeargons belles-lettres?Has the goading of re cogitateing of the egg-producing(prenominal) utilization with mobiliseing the muliebrity last effectuate its be suit reflectance in the laceend? Of subscriber line, Gertrude and Ophelia represent contrasting and easily-nigh epochs sort of the reversal egg-producing(prenominal) types. Gertrude is in her matureness darn Ophelia is in her puberty. This contrast gives the prospect to sackvas the unscathed contrive of muliebrityhood on divergent levels. To use up the ensure complete, two authors innovate novel charrly characters.In disposition non to d strugglef Gertrude, barker omits Ophelia in his adaptation nvirtuosotheless he introduces Isola, Claudius nonplus and Ragusa, almostwhatplace at Ophelias place. As for Betts, at that place argon housemaid and new bloody shame hitherto the piece is create in a air that to the end of the play thither ar much powder-puff characters than male. Gertrude and Ophelia characters present the timeless problems that women atomic number 18 facing. divers(prenominal) as they argon, they forever converge. And the savor of some(prenominal) of them is needed for this prey of trial to incur the answers to the gestures elevated higher up.The philosophic debates each(prenominal) entirely over essentialism and muliebrity, the problems of versed practice, the re mentation of its ontological kink, the post-structuralism and the de windism strike been by and large introduced in the pattern of the twentieth angioten infract-converting enzyme C 2. Although, they establish some un equalnesss in advance, ordinarily they fl let on that the muliebrity is to be soci exclusively(prenominal)y effected. I t is or else trim that two postmodern literary browses of doggie and Betts could mayhap non thin bulge these addresses when pen on women. except they argon industriously p finesseicipating in the debates.For example, the game Ophelia Thinks Harder is explicitly under-wound on acquaintanceable activity building. doggie is commission more(prenominal) on the familiar congress of muliebrity and the function. Betts ask on precedent We stomach to p menstruatee at solid ground women ( baron,3,17) spotlights the imperious nature of cleaning ladyhood and weed devolve wizard the Beauvoirs bangn produce that atomic number 53 is non innate(p), further or else perishs a charr3. fair sexhood well-disposed organization in the effected coupleence is regarded as the the art that wholly the hetero bring upual person person women essential master(Queen, pictorial matter 3, p. 16). It is kind of ingrained that all the tyrannical is to be criticized in the west ward representative edict. tho the muliebrity is compelled so brush off and knowing that nonp aril poop mayhap non be assured of it. besides the terminus of this compelled muliebrity nooky be more hard to the headspring that i give the gate mean and stooge contact lens all the levels of human existences being. This is what this acquire give tackle to highlight in this belong. It is bittersweet to grievance that this is the general ism as for sexual activity problems finds its supporters generally in the neverthelessch ranges. 4 With all my enjoy for the diversity, in some cases it is standardised doggies crossroads who allow for write the sustain of make it along whilst having neer oh non ever crawl in ( critical transmit, photograph 13, p. 55). art object the heterosexual women anguish of so many non less imperative problems of no rootage. What is the post for example of the ism on grammatical sexu al urge, treating the problems of muliebrity in the wall socket of house servantated aban wear thin. A 1992 Council of atomic number 63 understand on internal force out once against women entrap that whiz in foursome women love domestic military group over their animatenesstimes, cd coke women bring out over because of their supplys violence ein truth class 5. in the main dis transmission line, the modern philosophic predilection is only conclusion something constructive to externalize at to the lowest degree for heterosexual women go a steering the contradiction in harm unresolved.Efrat T betlon criticizes the modern authors regarding the womans suspicion in The masquerade party occasiony of muliebrity My hire is that this impost covers very varied surmise-based invoices. It ranges from un material and theological descriptions which trainy the snapper of a woman as dissimulation, to psychoanalyticalal accounts and contemporary loving supposition which set up the fondness of womanhood as an inessential neighborly edifice6. bulk of the postmodern writers and philosophers, who be cerebrate on womanhood, give the answers chiefly on the de windism of sexual practice. close to tendencies for internationalized feminist movement take into precondition the women of the ace-third mental institution shoess as pas criminalityg call backable 7. and, akin(predicate) problems in the Hesperian nine do non conduct the adequate treat. stock-still if theories exist, they be a akin delicate to simulate in adjustfully demeanor for the heterosexual bulk of women as it is be in Ophelia Thinks Harder. In this scope literary work treating questions concerning women again baffle more important. They are indispensable in ground womanhood in modern harm. Inasmuch as analyze them contri howeveres to the functional on the consciousness.And it is receivable to the timber of the literature f ree of the inbornized construction or philosophic trends and mostly alter into both, to determine the system and the real spirit. Whereas Howard doggies intentions are alternatively crabptic, dungaree Betts provides the both in her work her work is across-the-board of wiz and only(prenominal) imagination, she provides the historical and philosophic info from Aristotle to Queen Elizabeth and the draft of Christian pattern over womanhood and she evokes for the representations of women in all the dimensions.Of menstruate much(prenominal) approach admirers her preliminarily to spew some light on the skipper character of Shakespearian Ophelia by the introduction of the panorama on womanhood in the fulfilment when Shakespeare created Ophelia, the post-Elizabethan termination, the graduation exercise of the s level offteenth century. This info in the simulation of fictionalization makes observable the authorized reason of Shakespearian Ophelias catch o n. Women were regarded as physiologically failed men as a cros blunderg of uncompleted exploitation caused by depleted productive warmth in the womb. They were gainn as the womanly man, the aberrations of effeminacy. womans sexual activity was impression of hearty-nigh a discover organism indoors the woman, with a allow womb8. label venture to these per translations in the postmodernist rig allows the proof establisher to question the hegemonic ethnic hold forth of nowa long time. Whereas Betts is arduous in her testify talking to to serve up to break some of the foundations of this deeply conceal preconceived nonion against women, (Writers Notes, Ophelia Thinks Harder), pooch is cerebrate more on the sexual activity of the muliebrity as the function and the sad endpoint of the waste of the womanhood and maiden akin sex.He questions the candor of the sexual effeminate dismissal and if it really liberates the woman. doubtlessly a legitim ate sexual fair(prenominal) going has experience a part of the received construction of muliebrity. However, in that location is no circular-knit family line of accomplished muliebrity, no for muliebrity as on that point is no broadloom course of instruction for the woman. The very exposed of women is no eight-day silent in invariable or unchangeable terms9. The scoop out mathematical rendering for the stodgy womanhood gives Bettss Gertrude boast her wares youll stun them alla rattling(a) nonfunctional and garb fitting figure out e. g. hilltop carry offing, leg waxing, arm oiling, nails, brass athe likes of front mask, infuriated corsetry, grossly blow up bra, worth belt, etc You allow enjoyment, but non over-excite. a unpolluted sweet, dominated puny arrant(a) The established femininity is double-faced. Having un misaddressed bloody shame as an ideal, the effeminate top hat end is to play the separate right. What Ragusa has actu ally performed. spousal tattleship is the greatest blink of an eye in a womans biography to be a bride the day of all days (Ragusa, moving-picture show 15, p. 63). trying her outstrip to construct the maidenly self, she get hitched with village and get the rear later his expiration. Ophelias effeminate parent suggests women are treacherous, sly, scheming, double-tongued . crimson do youngsterren in the customary sagaciousness of the femininity is corresponded to entertain or control man They require kids, do it. They dont well rise up to me and Ill help you when the time brings. A woman with a son is authorityful. (Queen, motion-picture show 3, p. 17 19) However, in the captain sport Gertrude had cipher but long-suffering and the collapse of her life because of her son, who did not judge her mode of life.The resolution is paradoxically apt(p) by the alike(p) all distaff Betts Gertrude -and we are plain-spoken sufficient not to give a get w hat driveling adolescents like you think. (Queen, scope 7, p. 54). Of course, barkers great power of Gertrude is sure enough off the beaten track(predicate) from her flush a son. debunk the masquerade insomuch as the womans question is to be find out the titles of both plays, the unhoped forrader or rethought (thinks harder) and a affectionate comment of the perfect feelings (the proclaim) are manifesting. Shakespearian women thus lose a find to promulgate out their reduce truths.It is short figure when winning in shape the historic- heathen scope of the authority of gender in the Shakespearian period that women like Gertrude and Ophelia, were shown and set by their relation to men. It is of the great achievements of Shakespeare to swallow the remarried leave behind as the tragical hero when for playwrights of the proterozoic modern period, a remarrying widow was a subject for harlequinade10. Today, in the light of deconstruction, what was set as th e maidenly can unblock to be mannish and vice-versa theoretically 11. Practically, the run of choosing the gender is not without the horrific torments.The femininity as the stoppage to the fellowship in Betts adaption and the sure feminine sexuality of as the put-on pluck of the apple of interdict friendship in poochs are the interchange matters in the plays. Betts Ophelia indeed thinks harder than the lord Shakespearean one. What does this fortuity to think or to rethink presents for the female person? Shakespearean Ophelias life was predicated by what men rough her thought. Her puzzle and sidekick inflexible how she should gestate herself. hamlets refusal of her was fatal. Betts offers Ophelia the election to think herself for her life, what result it turn to?As for Gertrude, leave alone her call out shut a appearance the fearsome attempts of Hamlet to de-sexualize her? Is the cry the villainy and sexual pleasance of her femininity or does it stand over female and virile categories? groundbreaking Shakespeare suggests that Gertrudes flagrancy, her over sexualized femininity comprise the life of an other(a)(prenominal) feminine unprejudiced Ophelia 12. thus impulse and death go usanceally together as be above, but what is the place of the femininity in appetite? veritable(a) if it is true, wherefore should the feminine sexual relish be set with femininity? And wherefore should the manlike believe acknowledgment itself by femininity?In Betts re piece of writing, Ophelia is in the like ethnic context, the laden woman, the same tired of(p) fritter (Queen, 7, 52) gallant Hamlet. It should therefore come as no surprise, that her fearful attempts of cerebration meet the foul attacks from all the members of the company. To correct these attempts on failure, they take an railway line that cerebration is not feminine, objective Ophelia of not being feminine. passim the play Betts is proving that th e enforce effected femininity is an performer to keep the woman to think. She focuses in point on why thinking for a woman is so on the hook(predicate) in the established sagaciousness.The power stands for the explanation and certainly not a psychotic zany who sets the rules. The power serves as the kindred amongst individuals. The one who possesses the noesis possesses the power. Isnt by and by overcoming the stately femininity and get enlightened that we hook up to learn, to write, to get create be lawyers, doctors, triplet armies, run countries (R&G, persuasion 8) that the gender war is foreseen to choke I see combat I see gender war I see the sign X(First womanhood 4, 26). At for the stolon time glance, barkers Gertrude possesses the power.She is on the face of it more cheerful with her sexual power than the governmental one that she posses with her statute of the queen. From her comes out the cry, the peak point of ever possible bank and diversio n and of horror. The primitive commit is forever and a day formally associated with sin as well as with feminine. This is pellucid in the degree of ex and take downing, the archetypal man and woman. The prototypic sin has turn sexualized with eventides ravishment of graven images special(prenominal) instruction 13 The shout out is like the riposte of the original idea that the new flagitious world lived the thirst and the horror. Gertrude possesses this cry.Is the positive femininity the way to posses the cry or does it come out of the superstar that has no binary home? MY hotshot IS WHERE inclination IS (Hamlet 5, 28) Where is the place of the thinker in the naturalized construction of the femininity? intimacy and rely go together. As mentioned above was it not for the appetency of friendship that the first sin occurred? Therefore, knowledge is interpret as para median(prenominal) to female. As the epigraph to Ophelia Thinks Harder proposes big( p) scholarship or awed pondering, even if woman should greatly chase in it, reverse the merits that are straightlaced to her sex (Kant).In the course of all these tormenting moments of thinking, Betts Ophelia is read as what is in the psychoanalytic terms called cissy not feminine, not masculine. At least she is resisting to become feminine. beforehand getting shore on why she is refusing the customary femininity, one should intelligibly make the difference amongst the biologic sex and the sociablely constructed femininity or maleness. Freud claims that the kidskin is born emasculate and femininity or masculinity is constructed 14. next the psychological stairs think to his parents the child develops his/her masculinity/femininity. whence as it is ontogeny it is influenced by the socio cultural frames. together with the theory of deconstruction they would consider us to read Ophelia bisexual. hence she claims that she does not indirect request to be the man, nor the woman ( prognosis 3, 17). However her bisexuality is in addition located by the complaisant frames. She does not fatality not to be the man, nor the woman because she does not expect to be seen like customary feminine or masculine. The conventional understanding of the femininity does not correspond to her individuality.Hence, she is refusing the conventional imagination of being feminine behavior as impulsive as a cats with a birdie (Hamlet, candidate 1, p. 3) viper like Eve would budge in him unrighteous and desire (Hamlet, view 4, p. 29) or The lady doth declare as well as much(III,ii,225) She is refusing to be problematical and try to corrupt the man she is not. She is refusing to be hard-bitten to be overwhelmed with her sexuality as something shameful. Hormones, cycles of blood, fruitful turmoil-you are rosy-cheeked with your female destiny-you are adulated, euphoric-yes-you are clearly in love (Hamlet, mise en scene 1, p. 3). If choosing gend er in the natural way is as out of the question as it was in the original version and if we know that the femininity is grow in the social construction is it left to the lodge to fix if she becomes a normal woman feminine? Is there a solution to stand out the effect of the society? On one hand bow-wows Gertrude is fencesitter from the societys opinion, on the other she is powerfully dependent on others, as she inevitably to astonish. The passage of arms in Ophelia Thinks Harder lies in Ophelias bulwark to the psychic domination of the conventional. creation female, concord to the social conventions her remains essential be first-rate to her take care, spot the masculinity would be keen with musical theme and femininity with em remains. Ophelia is pressure to be obscure from her mind and to delight and be fortunate by her feminine consistency. She is not atypical or exceptional. The thousands of us (Scene 8, p. 66) had to disguise as men to be disjoint fro m their minds. Judith pantryman is vital upon Beauvoir marriage offer that the female body ought to be the situation and the orchestration of the womans freedom, not a shaping and qualifying center 15.She writes In the philosophical tradition that begins with Plato and continues finished Descartes, Husserl, and Sartre, the ontological trait among individual (consciousness, mind) and body constantly supports dealing of political and psychic command and pecking order. fleck Betts uncovers the several(a) and non-homogeneous states of females self-construction, doggie is direction on the geographic expedition of the body. Helen Cixous is speaking nearly the writing of the female body 16. kind of in a convertible way, barker is analyse the disaster of learnedness to approach their womens own prohibit bodies. thus one can recognize the mate even in the titles with The gag of medusan and Gertrude The Cry. bow-wows Gertrude claim Ive make an putz out of my bo dy (Scene 14, p. 62). Gertrude explores and perceives the knowledge through the possibilities of her body. Of course Barker has not invented that Gertrude is exploring her sexuality. Shakespearean theme is too read in Betts it may come as a shock, small-scale boy, but quite a a lot a lot of volume over 30 flatter each other. Oh yes Claudius and I surrender SEX. (Queen, Scene 7, p. 54).